Objective: To probe into the distribution and drug resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in children with respiratory tract infection in this region

so as to provide reference for rational application of antibiotics. Methods: A total of 811 children with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to pediatrics of our hospital from Mar. 2017 to Feb. 2019 were collected. The sputum samples were cultured

and the age

seasonal distribution

β-lactamase production

drug resistance phenotype and drug resistance of children infected by H. influenzae were summarized and analyzed. Results: A total of 102 strains of H. influenzae were detected in 811 children

and the detection rate was 12.58%. The highest detection rate was 17.62% in the >1 month to 1 year old group

higher than the detection rates of other age groups (P<0.01). Spring was the most frequent season for H. influenzae infection in this region

with the detection rate of 19.41%

while autumn was the lowest

with the detection rate of 5.77%

the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The detection rate of β-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant strains and β-lactamase negative amoxicillin/clavulanate resistant strains respectively increased from 8.86% to 43.48% and from 5.06% to 21.74%

with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). H. influenzae had various degrees of resistance to ampicillin

azithromycin

cefaclor

cefuroxime

ampicillin/sulbactam

and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

of which the resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid increased year by year

from 24.05% to 47.83%

and the difference of resistance was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: H. influenzae detection rate in children with respiratory tract infection varies in different age and season. H. influenzae has generally high β-lactamase production and various resistant degrees among different antibiotics. The increased detection rate of β-lactamase negative ampicilin and β-lactamase negative amoxicillin potassium clavulanate resistant strain is worthy of clinical attention.